How does Hypothalamo Hypophyseal pathway regulate the menstrual cycle?
One of the most important functions of the HPG axis is to regulate reproduction by controlling the uterine and ovarian cycles. In females, the positive feedback loop between estrogen and luteinizing hormone help to prepare the follicle in the ovary and the uterus for ovulation and implantation.
What is hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis?
The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis is a tightly regulated system controlling female reproduction. Group I ovulation disorders involve hypothalamic failure characterized as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Group II disorders display a eugonadal state commonly associated with a wide range of endocrinopathies.
How does the pituitary gland affect the ovaries?
Disorders of the pituitary gland can affect normal ovarian function because a lack of the hormones normally released from the pituitary gland will reduce the stimulation of hormone production and the development of follicles in the ovaries.
How does the hypothalamus communicate with the ovaries?
The hypothalamus is located centrally in the brain and communicates by way of an exchange of blood with the pituitary gland. Leutinizing hormone (LH), the other reproductive pituitary hormone, aids in egg maturation and provides the hormonal trigger to cause ovulation and the release of eggs from the ovary.
What hormones does the hypothalamus produce?
The hormones produced in the hypothalamus are corticotrophin-releasing hormone, dopamine, growth hormone-releasing hormone, somatostatin, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone.
Are there any hormones that indicate ovarian reserve?
There are three hormones that can indicate ovarian reserve: AMH (Anti-mullerian hormone), FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), and E2 (estradiol).
What does FSH have to do with ovarian reserve?
This indicates your ovaries don’t have to work super hard to produce and mature an egg. As you get older, your ovaries will have to work harder to generate that egg, so your FSH levels will be higher as a result — think of it as stepping on the gas. Make sense? But what does FSH have to do with ovarian reserve?
What causes a decrease in the ovarian reserve?
Normal aging causes most cases of diminished ovarian reserve but genetic defects, aggressive medical treatments that harm the reproductive system (radiation for cancer), some surgeries and injury can cause DOR as well. In many cases there is no apparent cause for a relative decrease in ovarian reserve.
Where is the hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis located?
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis. The three endocrine glands involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and the hormones secreted by them are as follows: Hypothalamus: it is located at the base of the brain and secretes a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).