What happened during the years of 661 750 AD?
656–61)—in 661, Mu’awiya, the governor of Syria under the Rightly Guided Caliphs, seized power and established the Umayyad caliphate, the first Islamic dynasty (661–750). The Umayyad period is often considered the formative period in Islamic art.
Who replaced the Umayyad dynasty in 750?
The Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad dynasty in 750 CE, supporting the mawali, or non-Arab Muslims, by moving the capital to Baghdad in 762 CE. The Persian bureaucracy slowly replaced the old Arab aristocracy as the Abbasids established the new positions of vizier and emir to delegate their central authority.
Which dynasty rebelled against the Umayyad caliphs in 750?
The Abbasid Revolution
The Abbasid Revolution, also called the Movement of the Men of the Black Raiment, was the overthrow of the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE), the second of the four major Caliphates in early Islamic history, by the third, the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1517 CE).
Who was the last Umayyad caliph?
Marwān II
Marwān II, (born c. 684—died 750, Egypt), last of the Umayyad caliphs (reigned 744–750). He was killed while fleeing the forces of Abū al-ʿAbbās as-Saffāḥ, the first caliph of the ʿAbbāsid dynasty.
What was significant about the Umayyads period?
The Umayyad dynasty centralized authority within the Islamic civilization, perhaps most notably with its fifth ruler ʿAbd al-Malik. The Umayyads also oversaw a rapid expansion of territory, extending as far west as Spain and as far east as India, allowing both Islam and the Arabic language to spread over a vast area.
How were Abbasids different from Umayyads?
A major difference between the two dynasties lies in their attitude towards Muslims and non Muslims. Umayyad Muslims are referred to as Sunni Muslims while Abbasid Muslims are called the Shiites. • Abbasid had been content with inherited empire while Umayyad’s were aggressive and espoused expansion militarily.
Why did the Umayyad dynasty come to an end in 750?
Playing off broad discontent, the ʿAbbāsids spurred a successful rebellion that eventually upended the Umayyads in 750. Umayyad rule was divided between two branches of the family: the Sufyānids (reigned 661–684), descendants of Abū Sufyān; and the Marwanids (reigned 684–750), Marwān I ibn al-Hakam and his successors.
What led to the downfall of the Umayyads?
What led to the downfall of the Umayyads? Vigorous political and religious opposition to the Umayyad caliphate, which led to their overthrow by rebel groups, including the Abbasids, who took control of the empire. The Abbasids were unable keep complete political control of the immense territory of Muslim lands.
Was Umayyad Sunni or Shia?
Both the Umayyads and the Abbasids were Sunni. The Sunni and the Shia split early in Islamic history. They split mainly over who should be the successor to the Prophet Muhammad. In that conflict, the leaders of the Umayyads fought against Ali, who was Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law.
How did the Umayyads fall?
Seeing the weaknesses of the Umayyads, they declared a revolt in 747. With the help of a coalition of Persians, Iraqis, and Shīʿites, they put an end to the Umayyad dynasty with a victory against them at the Battle of the Great Zab River in 750.
What happen in 750?
January 25 – Battle of the Zab: Abbasid forces under Abdallah ibn Ali defeat the Umayyads near the Great Zab River. Defeated by his rivals, Caliph Marwan II flees westward to Egypt, perhaps attempting to reach Al-Andalus (Iberian Peninsula), where there are still significant Umayyad armies.