What genes does STAT3 regulate?
Given its ability to regulate both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, STAT3 has been reported to promote and inhibit oncogenesis. STAT3 has been shown to induce cancers of the breast [21,22], prostate [11] and skin [23,24].
What activates STAT5?
STAT5 can be activated by various hormones and cytokines, including IFNα, IFNβ, IL-3, GM-CSF, thrombopoietin, and erythropoietin [10,62,91,92]. Interestingly, CrkL has been shown to form a complex with STAT5 under these conditions as well.
What sites do transcription factors bind to?
Some transcription factors bind to a DNA promoter sequence near the transcription start site and help form the transcription initiation complex. Other transcription factors bind to regulatory sequences, such as enhancer sequences, and can either stimulate or repress transcription of the related gene.
What is the function of STAT3?
Through its regulation of gene activity, the STAT3 protein is involved in many cellular functions. It helps control cell growth and division (proliferation), cell movement (migration), and the self-destruction of cells (apoptosis).
What is a STAT3 inhibitor?
Specific STAT3 direct inhibitors consist of SH2 ligands, including G quartet oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) and small molecules, they induce cell death in tumor cells in which STAT3 is activated. STAT3 can also be inhibited by decoy ODNs (dODN), which bind STAT3 and induce cell death.
What chromosome is STAT3 on?
| STAT3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Location (UCSC) | Chr 17: 42.31 – 42.39 Mb | Chr 11: 100.89 – 100.94 Mb |
| PubMed search | ||
| Wikidata | ||
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse |
Is STAT 5 a protein kinase?
In the activation pathway illustrated to the left, the ligand involved is a cytokine and the specific kinase taking part in activation is JAK. The dimerized STAT5 represents the active form of the protein, which is ready for translocation into the nucleus.
How does STAT5 mediate signaling in the JAK STAT pathway?
IL-2 receptors have γ (gamma) chains, which are associated with JAK3, which then phosphorylates key tyrosines on the tail of the receptor. Phosphorylation then recruits an adaptor protein called Shc, which activates the MAPK/ERK pathway, and this facilitates gene regulation by STAT5.
Where does an activator bind?
Most activators bind to the major grooves of the double helix, as these areas tend to be wider, but there are some that will bind to the minor grooves. Activator-binding sites may be located very close to the promoter or numerous base pairs away.
What happens if transcription does not occur?
If a gene is not transcribed in a cell, it can’t be used to make a protein in that cell. If a gene does get transcribed, it is likely going to be used to make a protein (expressed). In general, the more a gene is transcribed, the more protein that will be made.
Where is STAT3 found?
STAT3 is found in the cytoplasm and is activated in response to stimuli from the cytokines. Activated STAT3 regulates the transcription of genes controlling cell survival and proliferation and regulates the expression of antiapoptotic and immune response genes [128–130].