What are the four major families of organic molecules constitute the cell?
Broadly speaking, cells contain four major families of small organic molecules: the sugars, the fatty acids, the amino acids, and the nucleotides (Figure 2-17).
What are the four main families of small organic molecules in the cell?
Most, but not all, of the carbon-containing molecules in cells are built up from members of one of four different families of small organic molecules: sugars, amino acids, nucleotides, and fatty acids. Each of these families contains a group of molecules that resemble one another in both structure and function.
What section of DNA is responsible for creating a protein?
gene
Each protein is coded for by a specific section of DNA called a gene. A gene is the section of DNA required to produce one protein. Genes are typically hundreds or thousands of base pairs in length because they code for proteins made of hundreds or thousands of amino acids.
Which of the following belongs from the lipids?
Examples of lipids include fats, oils, waxes, certain vitamins (such as A, D, E and K), hormones and most of the cell membrane that is not made up of protein. Lipids are not soluble in water as they are non-polar, but are thus soluble in non-polar solvents such as chloroform.
Why are carbohydrates lipids proteins and nucleic acids all considered organic molecules?
The organic molecules of carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids are biological macromolecules, as they are very large polymers made of individual monomers. When combined with oxygen and hydrogen, carbon forms carbohydrates (sugars) and lipids (triglycerides).
Why are lipids macromolecules?
Lipids are considered as macro-molecules because these are made up of glycerol combined with molecules of fatty acids.
How is protein made from DNA?
Proteins are the key working molecules and building blocks in all cells. They are produced in a similar two-step process in all organisms – DNA is first transcribed into RNA, then RNA is translated into protein.
Why is the structure of a bacterial cell important?
1. They are an essential structure for viability. 2. Responsible for the shape of the cell. 3. Protect the interior structure of the cell from adverse changes in outside environment. 4. Prevent bacterial cell from rupturing when the water pressure inside the cell is greater than that outside the cell.
What makes up the cytoplasmic membrane of a bacterial cell?
The cytoplasmic membrane of bacterial cells is flexible structures composed of phospholipids and proteins. They can be observed only by electron microscopy and are structurally similar to the plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells. However, bacterial cytoplasmic membrane,(with the exception of those present in mycoplasmas), do not contain sterol.
Who are the primary degraders of proteins and lipids?
DNA-stable isotope probing (SIP) suggested Psychrilyobacter atlanticus was an important primary degrader of proteins, and Psychromonas members were important primary degraders of both proteins and lipids. Closely related Psychromonas populations, as represented by distinct 16S rRNA gene variants, differentially utilized either proteins or lipids.
What makes up the glycocalyx of a bacterial cell?
Glycocalyx: (meaning sugar coat) is the general term used for substances that surround cells. The bacterial glycocalyx is viscous, gelatinous polymer that is external to the cell wall and composed of polysaccharide, polypeptide, or both. If the substances is organized and is firmly attached to the cell wall, the glycocalyx is described as a