What is nonimmune hydrops fetalis?
Non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF), a form of HF, is a severe fetal condition defined as the excessive accumulation of fetal fluid within the fetal extravascular compartments and body cavities, and is the end-stage of a wide variety of disorders.
Which is the most common infectious cause of nonimmune hydrops fetalis?
Among the infectious agents, which have been associated with nonimmune hydrops fetalis, parvovirus B193 is the most common, although CMV, herpes simplex virus, Toxoplasma gondii, adenovirus, enterovirus, and treponoma pallidum have all been implicated.
What are the sonographic features of fetal hydrops?
The sonographic features of hydrops fetalis are defined as the presence of 2 or more abnormal fluid collections in the fetus. These include ascites, pleural effusions, pericardial effusion, and generalized skin edema (defined as skin thickness >5 mm).
What is non-immune hydrops?
Non-immune hydrops, the most common type, is caused by a fetal medical condition or birth defect that affects the body’s ability to manage fluid. Up to 90% of all cases of hydrops today are non-immune hydrops.
What causes fetal hydrops?
Immune hydrops is caused by an incompatibility of red blood cells between the mother and her unborn baby. That incompatibility leads to the destruction of a large number of the baby’s red blood cells (also known as hemolytic disease).
What infections cause fetal hydrops?
A variety of infectious agents have been associated with nonimmune hydrops fetalis, most notably parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, Toxoplasma gondii, and Treponema pallidum. These agents produce hydrops through effects on fetal bone marrow, myocardium, or vascular endothelium.
What is fetal hydrops?
Hydrops fetalis is a serious condition. It occurs when abnormal amounts of fluid build up in two or more body areas of a fetus or newborn. It is a symptom of underlying problems.
What is fetal hydrops ultrasound?
Hydrops fetalis is not itself a disease, but an ultrasound marker of other fetal complications. It is defined as an abnormal collection of fluid in at least two different fetal organ spaces. These fluid-filled spaces can occur in different fetal body locations , including: The abdominal cavity (ascites)
What causes hydrops in fetus?
What does fetal hydrops mean?
What causes nonimmune hydrops fetalis in a fetus?
Nonimmune hydrops fetalis occurs when a disease or medical condition disrupts the body’s ability to manage fluid. There are three main causes for this type: heart or lung problems, severe anemia (thalassemia), and genetic defects, including Turner syndrome. The exact cause depends on which form a baby has.
What are the different types of hydrops fetalis?
Summary Summary. Hydrops fetalis is a serious condition in which abnormal amounts of fluid build up in two or more body areas of a fetus or newborn. There are two types of hydrops fetalis: immune and nonimmune. Immune hydrops fetalis is a complication of a severe form of Rh incompatibility.
What happens to red blood cells in hydrops fetalis?
Rh compatibility causes massive red blood cell destruction, which leads to several problems, including total body swelling. Severe swelling can interfere with how the body organs work. Nonimmune hydrops fetalis occurs when a disease or medical condition disrupts the body’s ability to manage fluid.