What is average B-factor?
In the highest resolution range (0.0–1.5 Å) and when all the atom types are considered together, the average B-factor at pcVol = 100% is only 25 Å2, while it is 80 Å2, in the lowest resolution range (3.3–4.0 Å).
What are B factors?
The term B-factor, sometimes called the Debye-Waller factor, temperature factor, or atomic displacement parameter, is used in protein crystallography to describe the attenuation of X-ray or neutron scattering caused by thermal motion.
What is considered a high B-factor?
High B-factors mean greater uncertainty about the actual atom position. Values of 60 or greater may imply disorder (for example, free movement of a side chain or alternative side-chain conformations).
What is ab factor?
The B-factor is directly related to the mean square isotropic displacement of the atom: B = 8 π 2 ⟨ u 2 ⟩ . ( 5) A macromolecular crystal structure is typically represented by three coordinates (X,Y,Z), an occupancy parameter, and a “temperature factor” in the coordinate section of PDB files (Figure 1).
How is B factor calculated?
The B-factor at 298 K was calculated from RMSF by the formula: B = 8*Pi*Pi*(RMSF)**2/3 .
What are B factors in crystallography?
The crystallographic atomic displacement parameters, more commonly known as B-factors, are reported for all protein X-ray crystal structures and they are directly related to the atomic fluctuations (due to motion or static disorder) in the crystal.
What is b factor analysis?
B-factors, also known as temperature factors or atomic displacement parameters, are calculated parameters in X-ray crystal structures that reflect disorder of atoms from their ideal equilibrium positions due to both thermal motion and positional disorder.
What is B Factor oil and gas?
b-factor is the derivative of 1/D (D=Nominal Decline) with respect to time and has no dimension. In early times, one could fit a set of production data with almost any value of b, and every one seemed to be a good fit.
What is b factor cryo em?
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) maps usually show heterogeneous distributions of B-factors and electron density occupancies and are typically B-factor sharpened to improve their contrast and interpretability at high-resolutions.
What is DI in Arps equation?
Di = Decline constant defined by Eq. 6. n = Time “exponent” defined by Eq.
What is Arps equation?
A Generalized Hyperbolic Decline Equation with Rate-Time Dependent Function. Nearly all the decline curve equations used today are based on the Arps hyperbolic equation1, given as: Q(t)=Q0×(1+b×D0×t)–1/b (1)
What is b factor sharpening?
This directs to challenges and errors in the process of building an atomic model from a cryo-EM reconstruction. This process is usually referred to as ‘sharpening’ and is typically performed by imposing a uniform B-factor to the cryo-EM map that boosts the map signal amplitudes within a defined resolution range.
Are there any factors other than 1 and 12?
As 12 is an even composite number, it has many factors other than 1 and 12. The factors of 12 can be positive or negative. Hence, the factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12. Similarly, the negative factors of 12 are -1, -2, -3, -4, -6 and -12. Factors of 12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12.
How to find the factor pairs of 12?
Factor Pairs of 12. The factor pairs of 12 include the following: 1 × 12 = 12. 2 × 6 = 12. 3 × 4 = 12. 4 × 3 = 12.
How to find the negative factors of 12?
Negative Pair Factors of 12: Negative Factors of 12 Negative Pair Factors of 12 -1 × -12 (-1, -12) -2 × -6 (-2, -6) -3 × -4 (-3, -4)
How to find factors of 12 by division method?
Factors of 12 by Division Method. 1 12/1 = 12 (Factor is 1 and remainder is 0) 2 12/2 = 6 (Factor is 2 and remainder is 0) 3 12/3 = 4 (Factor is 3 and remainder is 0) 4 12/4 = 3 (Factor is 4 and remainder is 0) 5 12/6 = 2 (Factor is 6 and remainder is 0) 6 12/12 =1 (Factor is 12 and remainder is 0)