How do you know if you have Kallmann syndrome?
Testing and diagnosis of Kallmann syndrome Blood tests looking specifically at hormone levels in the peripheral veins that originate from the pituitary gland. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and nose to look for anatomical abnormalities.
Are people with Kallmann syndrome infertile?
Without treatment, most affected men and women are unable to have biological children (infertile). In Kallmann syndrome, the sense of smell is either diminished (hyposmia) or completely absent (anosmia).
How does Kallmann syndrome cause infertility?
In males with KS/CHH, infertility is primarily due to the lack of sperm production within the testes. Sperm production can be achieved through either the use of GnRH administered via a microinfusion pump or through the use of gonadotropin injections (hCG, FSH, hMG).
How rare is hypogonadotropic hypogonadism?
The incidence of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is approximately 1-10:100,000 live births, and approximately 2/3 and 1/3 of cases are caused by Kallmann syndrome (KS) and idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, respectively.
Can Kallmann cause secondary amenorrhea?
Amenorrhea. Primary amenorrhea develops in the vast majority of women with classic Kallmann syndrome or idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Women with hypothalamic amenorrhea present with secondary amenorrhea, typically precipitated by excessive exercise, weight loss, or psychological stress.
Is uterus present in Kallmann syndrome?
In both patients treated at our institution for infertility, a malformation of the uterus was noted: one patient had a unicornuate uterus, the other a uterus with a fundal hypoplasia and tubes of approximately 9 cm. It is not clear if the malformation is in association with Kallmann syndrome or purely coincidental.
What is the difference between hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and hypogonadism?
Hypogonadism is a condition in which the male testes or the female ovaries produce little or no sex hormones. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is a form of hypogonadism that is due to a problem with the pituitary gland or hypothalamus.