What turns the tone row upside down and backwards?
In addition to using the tone row in its original, basic, or prime form, a composer could use the tone row in three derived forms: retrograde, which turned the tone row backward; inversion, which turned the tone row upside-down by inverting all its intervals; or retrograde inversion, which did both.
When a twelve tone row is played backwards it is called?
Retrograde Inversion. the tone row played backwards and upside down.
What is the rule for a tone row?
Tone rows are designated by letters and subscript numbers (e.g.: RI11, which may also appear as RI11 or RI–11). The numbers indicate the initial (P or I) or final (R or RI) pitch-class number of the given row form, most often with c = 0. “P” indicates prime, a forward-directed right-side up form.
What are the four possible transformations of a tone row?
The four types of row forms used in twelve-tone technique are prime (P), retrograde (R), inversion (I), and retrograde inversion (RI).
What is the difference between twelve-tone music and serialism?
Serialism is a broad designator referring to the ordering of things, whether they are pitches, durations, dynamics, and so on. Twelve-tone composition refers more specifically to music based on orderings of the twelve pitch classes.
Is the original composition of the twelve-tone series?
The basic order for any one composition came to be known as its basic set, its 12-tone row, or its 12-tone series, all of which terms are synonymous. The basic set for Schoenberg’s Wind Quintet (1924) is E♭–G–A–B–C♯–C–B♭–D–E–F♯–A♭–F; for his String Quartet No. 4 (1936) it is D–C♯–A–B♭–F–E♭–E–C–A♭–G–F♯–B.
What is augmentation in a fugue?
Augmentation is technique whereby note values in a melody are proportionally increased in duration. In the next example the fugue subject (upper voice) is transformed by augmentation in the lower voice.
What is retrograde music theory?
Retrograde inversion is a musical term that literally means “backwards and upside down”: “The inverse of the series is sounded in reverse order.” Retrograde reverses the order of the motif’s pitches: what was the first pitch becomes the last, and vice versa.